The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) confirmed Wednesday that Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso have formally withdrawn from the regional bloc, marking an unprecedented shift in West African geopolitics.
The three junta-led nations had signaled their intent to leave following strained relations with ECOWAS, which had sanctioned them after military coups in Mali (2020), Burkina Faso (2022), and Niger (2023). The bloc had urged them to restore civilian rule, but their leaders instead expelled French troops and sought military support from Russia.
In a statement, ECOWAS reaffirmed its commitment to regional unity and kept the door open for their return. It also urged member states to continue granting citizens of the three countries free movement with ECOWAS passports and to uphold trade regulations on goods and services from those nations.
Formed in 1975 to promote economic integration, ECOWAS has long been considered West Africa’s leading political authority. However, in recent years, critics argue it has lost public support, with many perceiving it as prioritizing the interests of leaders over ordinary citizens.
The withdrawal follows the creation of the Alliance of Sahel States by Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso in 2023, a move reflecting shifting political alignments in the region. Analysts warn that their departure could complicate efforts to restore democracy and stabilize a region grappling with jihadist insurgencies and economic challenges.